The measurement device independent quantum key distribution mdi qkd was proposed to make bb84 completely free from any sidechannel in detectors. In theory, quantum key distribution qkd provides informationtheoretic security based on the laws of physics. To fill this gap, a novel approach, called measurement device independent qkd mdiqkd. As a response to attacks on the detectors, researchers developed a new quantum cryptography protocol known as measurementdeviceindependent quantum key. Quantum key distribution qkd provides the communication users with. Measurementdeviceindependent quantum cryptography by. P mdiqkd scheme whereby an untrusted relay node, charlie, owns a laser and sends photons to alice and bob. Measurementdeviceindependent quantum cryptography nasaads. Measurementdeviceindependent quantum key distribution over.
By clever use of the teleportation gate 7, mdiqkd turns the receiving side of qkd into a transmitter, thus removing all the security assumptions on the detecting devices, which are arguably most exposed to. Detectordeviceindependent quantum key distribution. In addition, the recent introduction of measurement device independent mdiqkd 5, 6 further enhances the positive features of qkd. Sep 07, 2011 how to remove detector side channel attacks has been a notoriously hard problem in quantum cryptography. Measurementdeviceindependent quantum key distribution mdiqkd can eliminate detector side channels and prevent all attacks on. Thus the security analysis of such a protocol needs to consider scenarios of imperfect or even malicious devices. Highrate measurementdeviceindependent quantum cryptography stefano pirandola, carlo ottaviani, gaetana spedalieri, christian weedbrook, samuel braunstein, seth lloyd, tobias gehring, christian scheffmann jacobsen and ulrik lund andersen abstract.
We are currently working on installing this encryption software app on phone voice and image. Andersen 1department of computer science, university of york, york yo10 5gh, united kingdom 2department of physics, university of. Measurementdeviceindependent quantum key distribution. One of the main advantages of mdiqkd is that the security can be proved without making any assumptions about how the measurement device works. Nov 16, 2015 discrete and continuous variables for measurement device independent quantum cryptography. It not only removes all detector side channels, but also doubles the secure distance with conventional lasers.
Owing to the imperfections of reallife implementations, however, there is a big gap between the theory and practice of qkd, which has been recently exploited by several quantum. Measurementdeviceindependent quantum key distribution for. This was a problem of central interest in quantum cryptography. Sep 17, 2014 in theory, quantum key distribution qkd provides informationtheoretic security based on the laws of physics. A quantum cryptographic protocol is deviceindependent if its security does not rely on trusting that the quantum devices used are truthful.
Nov 11, 2019 measurement device independent quantum key distribution mdiqkd is proposed to close all possible side channel detector attacks. Full text of measurementdeviceindependent quantum key. Air force institute of technology, wrightpatterson afb, oh usa 45433. The centre for quantum technologies was established as a national research centre of excellence in singapore in 2007. As a countermeasure to quantum hacking, recently there has been a lot of theoretical and experimental interest in measurement device independent quantum key distribution mdiqkd, an idea proposed by me, marcos curty and bing qi in 2012. Measurement device independent quantum cryptography in theory, quantum key distribution qkd provides informationtheoretic security based on the laws of physics. Quantum key distribution qkd enables two legitimate parties to share a secret key even in the presence of an eavesdropper. Measurementdeviceindependent quantum communication. We extend the field of continuousvariable quantum cryptography to a network formulation where. Measurementdeviceindependent quantum cryptography ieee. Modeling and studying measurement device independent quantum key distribution systems. Measurementdeviceindependent quantum key distribution coexisting with classical. Asymmetric protocols for scalable highrate measurementdevice. In this paper we propose for the first time protocols for these tasks in the measurement device independent mdi settings and analyze their security.
We have over 150 scientists and students doing research into the foundations of quantum physics and the ways quantum physics enables new technologies. A significant step in this direction has been the introduction of measurementdevice independence, where the secret key between two parties is established by. Measurement device independent quantum key distribution mdiqkd has received much attention, with the goal of overcoming all of the security loopholes caused by an imperfect detection system. Braunstein,1 seth lloyd,3 tobias gehring,4 christian s. Cyphertop quantum encryption software cryptographic system. Measurement device independent quantum key distribution mdiqkd is a twophoton protocol devised to eliminate eavesdropping attacks that interrogate or control the detector in realized quantum key distribution systems.
Measurementdeviceindependent quantum cryptography arxiv. Apr 05, 2016 as a response to attacks on the detectors, researchers developed a new quantum cryptography protocol known as measurement device independent quantum key distribution mdiqkd. Measurement device independent qkd mdiqkd turns out to be a promising solution to the security problem of qkd. Entanglement swapping over 100 km optical fiber with independent entangled photonpair sources by yangfan jiang. Motivated by the idea of measurement device independent quantum key distribution mdiqkd, we present a measurement device independent qds mdiqds scheme, which is secure against all detector sidechannel attacks. It cannot be breached by anyone without getting noticed by the sender or the receiver of the message. Experimental measurementdeviceindependent quantum key. Later, some mdiqkd protocols with uncharacterized qubit sources are proposed to remove the. To fill this gap, a novel approach, called measurementdeviceindependent qkd mdiqkd, has been proposed. Measurement device independent quantum cryptography. Quantum key distribution qkd quantum key distribution qkd, although often wrongly termed as quantum transmission, is a secure communication approach that uses cryptographic protocol made up of quantum mechanics components ouellette, 2004.
Practical aspects of measurement device independent quantum key distribution feihu xu, marcos curty, bing qi et al. In fact, the detectors in a mdi qkd setup can even be assumed to be in eves possession. X hoikwong lo 1, marcos curty 2, and bing qi 1 1 center for quantum information and quantum control, dept. We demonstrate that, with a fair comparison, the secret key rate of discretevariable measurement device independent quantum key distribution dvmdiqkd with highefficiency singlephoton detectors and good system alignment is typically rather high and thus highly suitable for not only long distance communication but also metropolitan networks. Oct 20, 2014 although jonathan barrett and his coauthors published 2,3 a strong device independent quantum key distribution diqkd security guarantee in 2005, it focused on a weaker set of constraints than. The goal of quantum key distribution is for two parties, alice and bob, to share a common secret string through communications over public channels. Recent citations bounding the outcome of a twophoton interference measurement.
In mdiqkd, all security loopholes, including those yettobe discovered, have been removed from the detectors, the most critical part in qkd. Experimental measurementdeviceindependent quantum digital. Measurementdeviceindependent quantum digital signatures. Quantum key distribution qkd is a secure communication method which implements a cryptographic protocol involving components of quantum mechanics. The unconditional security of qkd is based on the fundamental laws of quantum physics. Grant and cryptoworks 21 create programs, the calgary urban alliance, the. Discrete and continuous variables for measurementdevice. The continuousvariable measurementdeviceindependent quantum key distribution cvmdiqkd is a promising candidate for the immunity to side. Highrate measurementdeviceindependent quantum cryptography. However, physical systems often fall short of theoretical models, meaning they can be compromised through uncharacterized sidechannels.
Owing to the imperfections of reallife implementations, however, there is a big gap between the theory and practice of qkd, which has been recently exploited by several quantum hacking activities. Measurementdeviceindependent quantum communication without. Measurement device independent quantum key distribution mdi qkd is a promising protocol for removing all detector side channel attacks. Among the most studied tasks in quantum cryptography one can find bit commitment bc and oblivious transfer ot, two central cryptographic primitives. Available for laptops, tablets, servers and mobile phones.
Security of continuousvariable measurementdeviceindependent. Measurementdeviceindependent mdi qkd 19,20 protocols close all loopholes on detection at once. The security of the original proposal relies on the assumption that the legitimate users can characterize their sources exactly, which might not be satisfied in practice. Laser technique promises superfast and supersecure. Measurementdeviceindependent quantum cryptography abstract. Quantum software and quantum network by stephanie wehner. Laser technique promises superfast and supersecure quantum. May 25, 2015 quantum cryptography achieves a formidable taskthe remote distribution of secret keys by exploiting the fundamental laws of physics. It was also the motivating problem in mayers and yaos paper. Osa measurementdeviceindependent quantum key distribution. Meanwhile, we employ the decoystate method to defeat attacks on nonideal source. Original security proofs of qkd are based on a few assumptions, e.
Quantum key distribution provides a methodology to verify the integrity and security of a key exchange based on physical laws. Security analysis of passive measurementdeviceindependent continuousvariable quantum key distribution with almost no public communication xiaodong wu, yijun wang, sha li, wei zhang. A costeffective measurementdeviceindependent quantum key. Quantum cryptography for internet of things security. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. Quantum hacking in the age of measurementdeviceindependent.
Modeling and studying measurement device independent quantum. Pdf measurementdeviceindependent quantum cryptography. The continuousvariable measurement device independent quantum key distribution cvmdiqkd is a promising candidate for the immunity to sidechannel attacks, but unfortunately seems to face the. Measurementdeviceindependent quantum key distribution with. In cvmdiqkd protocols, alice and bob both send their quantum states to. Studying qkd implementation nonidealities quantum key distribution qkd systems generate and. Measurement device independent quantum key distribution. No matter if you are a researcher, a student or a fan of quantum theory, this is the place you are going to find useful and enjoyable. It encompasses work on a variety of qkd protocols, including continuousvariable, measurement device independent, and twinfield qkd, as well as other newly proposed protocols, in. A fast and versatile quantum key distribution system with hardware key distillation and wavelength multiplexing n walenta, a burg, d caselunghe et al. Quantum cryptography is a very interesting field that makes use of the rules of quantum mechanics to develop a cryptosystem that is believed to be the most secure system 8. Measurement device independent quantum key distribution mdiqkd protocol has been demonstrated as a viable solution to detector sidechannel attacks. Full text of measurementdeviceindependent quantum key distribution see other formats measurement device independent quantum key distribution n o oo n f on o.
Measurementdeviceindependent quantum cryptography tspace. Quantum cryptography is now headed towards solving the. However, this could change through software defined networking, which. By developing upconversion singlephoton detectors with high efficiency and low noise, we build up a measurement device independent quantum key distribution mdiqkd system, which is immune to all hacking strategies on detection. Long distance measurementdeviceindependent quantum key. Quantum cryptography is now headed towards solving the practical problem of constructing scalable and secure quantum networks. Quantum hacking in the age of measurement device independent quantum cryptography by anqi huang a thesis presented to the university of waterloo in ful llment of the thesis requirement for the degree of doctor of philosophy in electrical and computer engineering quantum information waterloo, ontario, canada, 2018 c anqi huang 2018. Nov 02, 2016 now, jianwei pan at the university of science and technology of china and his colleagues have experimentally shown that a secure quantum protocol known as measurement device independent quantum key distribution mdiqkd can be implemented over a distance of 404 km.
Focus on device independent quantum information new journal. The field of quantum information was born out of a sequence of surprising discoveries in the 1980s, all building on the same deep insight. Highrate measurementdeviceindependent quantum cryptography s pirandola, c ottaviani, g spedalieri, c weedbrook, sl braunstein. We assess the overall performance of our quantum key distribution qkd system. Osa chipbased measurementdeviceindependent quantum. Modern communication strives towards provably secure systems which can be widely deployed. Here, based on polarization scrambling units, we demonstrate a referenceframe independent mdi qkd scheme.
In mdiqkd, the measurements are carried out by an untrusted third party, and the measurement results are announced openly. Measurementdeviceindependent quantum communication without encryption article in science bulletin 6320 september 2018 with 23 reads how we measure reads. Electronics free fulltext quantification of the impact. Our proposal can be implemented with standard optical components.